Gender Perspective on Drivers of Cigarette Smoking: Two Part Model Approach
Abstract
An estimated 2.5 million Kenyans which is over 11 percent of the country’s adult population currently use tobacco thus informing the need to take strong action to reduce tobacco use. Therefore, this study conducted a gender analysis on drivers of cigarette smoking in Kenya. The study heavily relied on data from Kenya Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014. Specifically, two-part model was used to establish the effect of demographic and psychosocial drivers on both smoking participation and intensity among men and women. The study found that price of cigarette had an insignificant effect on men participation in smoking while age and years spent in education had a significant and negative effect on women smoking participation. Smoking rules inside home had a negative effect on women participation in smoking while smoking policy at indoor work place had a negative and significant effect on men smoking participation. Overally, cigarette tax adjustment had a negative and significant effect on both men and women participation in smoking. Work status had a negative and very significant effect on both men and women smoking intensity. The findings, therefore, confirmed the significant effect of smoking policy and cigarette tax adjustment on both smoking participation and smoking intensity among men and women.
Keywords
References
WHO (2012). Kenya: Report Card on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Eriksen M., Mackay J. & Schluger N., et al., (2015). The Tobacco Atlas (5th ed.). Atlanta: American Cancer Society and New York: World Lung Foundation.
Chaloupka, F. (1991). Rational Addictive Behavior and Cigarette Smoking. Journal of Political Economy, 99(4), 722–742. doi:10.1086/261776.
WHO (2010). The Abuja Declaration ten years on. Abuja: World Health Organization.
Kiringai J., Ndung’u N. & Karingi S., et al., (2002). Tobacco Excise tax in Kenya: An Appraisal Discussion, Paper No 21, Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA), Nairobi, Kenya.
WHO. (2008). Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Gaziano, T. A., & Pagidipati, N. (2013). Scaling Up Chronic Disease Prevention Interventions in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries. Annual Review of Public Health, 34(1), 317–335. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114402
GATS (2014). Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Kenya Factsheet.
KNBS (2014). Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Available Online: https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=370. (Accessed on 4 Jan 2015).
Guindon G., Emmanuel P. & Anne M., et al., (2003). Higher tobacco prices and taxes in south-east Asia. HNP Discussion Paper, No.11, World Bank.
Yurekli, A. A., & Zhang, P. (2000). The impact of clean indoor‐air laws and cigarette smuggling on demand for cigarettes: an empirical model. Health economics, 9(2), 159-170. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(200003)9:2<159::AID-HEC499>3.0.CO;2-T.
Chaloupka F. & Warner K. E. (2000). The economics of smoking, In Culyer A. J. & J. P. Newhouse, eds, Handbook of Health Economics, Vol. 1B, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 1539 (1627).
Townsend, L., Flisher, A. J., Gilreath, T., & King, G. (2006). A systematic literature review of tobacco use among adults 15 years and older in sub-Saharan Africa. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 84(1), 14–27. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.12.008
Busch, S., Jofre-Bonet, M., Falba, T., & Sindelar, J. (2004). Tobacco Spending and its Crowd-Out of Other Goods. doi:10.3386/w10974.
Gajalakshmi, V., Peto, R., Kanaka, T. S., & Jha, P. (2003). Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43 000 adult male deaths and 35 000 controls. The Lancet, 362(9383), 507–515. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14109-8.
John, R. M. (2005). Tobacco consumption patterns and its health implications in India. Health Policy, 71(2), 213–222. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.08.008.
Rani, M. (2003). Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tobacco Control, 12(4), 4e–4. doi:10.1136/tc.12.4.e4.
Zulu, R., Siziya, S., & Nzala, S. (2009). Tobacco smoking prevalence among in-school adolescents aged 13-15 years: baseline for evaluation of the implementation of the FCTC in Lusaka district, Zambia. Medical Journal of Zambia, 35(3). doi:10.4314/mjz.v35i3.46527
Cragg, J. G. (1971). Some statistical models for limited dependent variables with application to the demand for durable goods. Econometrica (pre-1986), 39(5), 829-844.
Mao Z., Hsieh C. & Hu T., et al., (2000). The Demand for Cigarettes in China. Chengdu, Sichuan, China: West China Medical Sciences University.
Tauras, J. A. (2005). An empirical analysis of adult cigarette demand. Eastern Economic Journal, 31(3), 361-375.
Uguru, N. P., Mbachu, C., Ibe, O. P., Uguru, C. C., Odukoya, O., Okwuosa, C., & Onwujekwe, O. (2015). Investigating Male Tobacco Use and Expenditure Patterns across Socio-Economic Groups in Nigeria. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0122021. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122021.
Alam, A. Y., Iqbal, A., Mohamud, K. B., Laporte, R. E., Ahmed, A., & Nishtar, S. (2008). Investigating socio-economic-demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 50-59. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-50.
Mushtaq, N., Williams, M. B., & Beebe, L. A. (2012). Concurrent Use of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco among US Males and Females. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012, 1–11. doi:10.1155/2012/984561.
DOI: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2019-0101-2
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Peter Kipkorir, Vincent Ngeno, Alfred Serem
